What it means to be an author

   An author of a scientific research manuscript is a human being who participated, in an effective, transparent, and integral way, in the study and in the intellectual production of the manuscript. AHS adopts the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE; https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html). According to them, to be qualified as an author of a scientific study, a researcher must perform all the following six activities or characteristics:

   1. To make an essential contribution to the elaboration or study’s design; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the study; and,
   2. To draft the manuscript or do a significant intellectual contribution of its contents; and,
   3. To approve the manuscript’s definitive version to be published; and,
   4. To agree to be accountable for all aspects of the study, ensuring that the accuracy or completeness of all aspects of the study are properly investigated and resolved.
   5. To be able to identify co-authors responsible for specific parts of the study; and
   6. Should have confidence in the integrity of their co-authors' contributions.

   Names and affiliation of all authors must be made upon submission of the manuscript. After the submission or publication of the article, the list of authors can be modified solely after the agreement of the change, signed by all the authors listed, including the author to be removed or added.   

   When a researcher or collaborator of the study did not carry out all six activities or characteristics mentioned, their specific contribution should be recognized in the acknowledgments section, with their agreement. Also, when artificial intelligence (AI) tools are used, the acknowledgments must show the type of use performed, in a specific way (name of the tool, stage or part of the study that used it).